Matrix isolation is an experimental technique in which guest particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) are embedded in a matrix of unreactive host substrates. Embedded in the matrix, the guest particles are isolated from each other. Diffusion processes and chemical reactions between the guest particles are prevented (reactions between guest and host particles are possible). “The matrix isolation technique was first introduced in 1954 by Pimentel and co-workers, who used the technique for systematic studies of free radicals and other unstable or transient species.“ (http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oc2/matrix.html). Initially matrix isolation was used to describe the embedding of guest particles in any unreactive material, but today mainly gases in low temperature solids are used as host medium (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_isolation). That is interesting, as the paper written by Anthony J. Rest in 1990 showed that “many low temperature media, which have been regarded as ‘infra dig’, can produce results which are analogous to those obtained using gas matrices”. "Infra dig matrix media."
Anthony J. Rest Journal of Molecular Structure222.1-2 (1990): 87-93.
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